Planetary magnetism
نویسنده
چکیده
M a g n e t i c f i e l d s a r e u b i q u i t o u s i n t h e U n i v e r s e b e c a u s e o f t h e a b s e n c e (o r r a r i t y ) o f f r e e m a g n e t i c m o n o p o l e s . However , t h e l a r g e s c a l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n of m a g n e t i c f l u x i n an e s s e n t i a l l y n o n f e r r o m a g n e t i c body s u c h a s t h e E a r t h , r e q u i r e s a n o n c o s m o g o n i c a l e x p l a n a t i o n . A r e g e n e r a t i v e p r o c e s s mus t e x i s t b e c a u s e t h e magn e t i c d i f f u s i o n t i m e i n t h e E a r t h i s much l e s s t h a n t h e age o f t h e E a r t h . The mos t p o p u l a r e x p l a n a t i o n i s t h e dynamo mode l i n w h i c h c o n v e c t i o n a l o r p r e c e s s i o n a l f l u i d m o t i o n s i n t h e c o r e i n d u c e and s u s t a i n a m a g n e t i c f i e l d . O t h e r m e c h a n i s m s a r e p o s s i b l e I n w h i c h , f o r e x a m p l e , t h e r m o e l e c t r i c e f f e c t s a r e i m p o r t a n t . The a d v e n t o f p l a n e t a r y p r o b e s h a s l e d t o a d r a m a t i c i n c r e a s e i n i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d s o f t h e f i v e i n n e r m o s t p l a n e t s . I n p a r t i c u l a r , t h e r e c e n t f l y b y s o f J u p i t e r (by P i o n e e r 10) and Mercu ry (by M a r i n e r 10) h a v e y i e l d e d u n e x p e c t e d r e s u l t s . T h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e d i s c u s s e d and shown t o be r e c o n c i l a b l e w i t h p r e s e n t t h e o r i e s o f p l a n e t a r y m a g n e t i s m and s o l a r s y s t e m chemi s t r y . Some p r e d i c t i o n s a r e made f o r S a t u r n , Uranus and N e p t u n e .
منابع مشابه
Planetary Dynamos
The theory of planetary dynamos and its applications to observed phenomena of planetary magnetism are outlined. It is generally accepted that convection flows driven by thermal or compositional buoyancy are the most likely source for the sustenance of global planetary magnetic fields. While the existence of dynamos in electrically conducting fluid planetary cores provides constraints on propert...
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